To: Charles T Stelzried
From: Robert C Clauss
Subject: BWG Antenna "Vacuum Top" Determination
Cc: Samuel.M.Petty, Stephen.D.Slobin,
James.S.Shell
Date: Sun, 22 Nov 1998 09:40:47

Summary:

The "Vacuum Top" at DSS-13 with the KaBLE I maser was 17 K. This
value seems to be in good agreement with measured and calculated
values for DSS-25 prepared by Slobin on 10/15/98.
The DSN can do better than the 24.5 K "Vacuum Top" at 32 GHz used
in the Preliminary Definition and Cost Review (PDCR) on October 19,
1998. A 15.6 K "vacuum Top" is realistic.


DSS-13 Top measurement and "Vacuum Top" estimate:

The KaBLE-I maser was used to measure the system operating noise
temperature (Top) at DSS-13 in December 1992. The dichroic plate,
which was not well-matched at 33.68 Ghz, was removed to enable Top
measurements that would characterize the performance of future DSN
Ka-band systems. The maser was tuned from 33.68 GHz down to 33.06
GHz, the lowest frequency the maser could achieve at the time.
The Top at 33.06 GHz measured 24.5 K; Jim Shell recorded the data
in his notebook.

The December 1992 measurements were made during clear, cold, dry
conditions and the atmospheric contribution at the zenith was
estimated to be between 7 K and 8 K. A summary of the Dec. 1992
33.06 GHz noise contributions is compared with the values used
by Slobin in "kastelz1.xls" at 30 degrees elevation angle.

Noise Source DSS-13 1992 DSS-25 1998
Maser HEMT, kastelz1.xls

Cosmic Background 1.9 1.8
Antenna 8.0 9.28

BWG Mirrors 2.0 2.17

Dichroic Plates none 3.40

LNA Te 5.0 20.00

Vacuum Top 17.0 34.50

Atmosphere 7.5 (one, 24.77 (two,
dry winter) moist summer)
------------------------------------------------------------
Top Measured at Zenith 24.5 59.27

The major differences seem to be the LNA effective noise
temperatures (HEMT - maser = 15 K) and the estimated dichroic plate
contributions at DSS-25 (3.4 K). Subtracting 15 K from 34.5 K gives
a vacuum Top of 19.5 K for DSS-25 with a Kable-I like maser and two
dichroic plates. Removing the two dichroic plates would reduce the
predicted vacuum Top to 16.1 K.

Stelzried's 1998 road-map used a multiple-cavity-maser with a Te of
4 K, which would reduce the DSS-25 "vacuum Top" prediction to 15.1 K.