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Apparent speeds

First, 9 of the 11 EGRET-identified sources listed by Thompson et al. [1995], which have been well studied with VLBI, are known or possible superluminal radio sources [Vermeulen & Cohen 1994; Barthel et al. 1995; this work]. The mean apparent speed in the VLBI jets of these 11 EGRET-identified sources is 5.6h tex2html_wrap_inline4240 c with a standard deviation of 7.3h tex2html_wrap_inline4240 c.gif While there is substantial evidence that some EGRET-identified sources are highly beamed, some others do not appear to be. Some of the strong EGRET sources, for example 1226+023 (e.g. Unwin et al. 1985) are clearly highly superluminal whereas others such as 1222+216 [Hooimeyer et al. 1992] are perhaps consistent with subluminal speeds.

Second, there are some highly superluminal radio sources that have not been identified by EGRET, such as 1641+399 [Biretta, Moore & Cohen 1986]. The mean apparent speed for the core selected quasars and BL Lac objects which are listed by Vermeulen and Cohen [1994] and have not been identified by EGRET is 3.9h tex2html_wrap_inline4240 c, with a standard deviation of 3.0h tex2html_wrap_inline4240 c (based on 24 objects and using the same method as for the EGRET-identified sources).

These data do not allow a firm conclusion to be made regarding possible differences or similarities in beaming characteristics between the radio sources EGRET has identified and those not identified. The mean values for the apparent VLBI speeds are easily consistent at the 1 tex2html_wrap_inline4482 level, but the standard deviations on the distributions are large.

For the sake of completeness, an apparent speed of tex2html_wrap_inline4872 (for the EGRET- identified sources) corresponds to a minimum intrinsic speed of tex2html_wrap_inline4874 for the radiating material and a maximum angle to the line of sight of tex2html_wrap_inline4876 for the motion. Likewise for the sources not identified by EGRET tex2html_wrap_inline4878 gives tex2html_wrap_inline4880 and tex2html_wrap_inline4882 . Using these limits in the equation for the Doppler factor gives rough values of tex2html_wrap_inline4286 for the EGRET-identified sources of 4.0, and 1.7 for the radio sources not identified by EGRET.


next up previous contents
Next: Misalignment angles Up: Discussion Previous: Discussion

Steven Tingay
Tue Nov 26 15:27:29 PST 1996